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| 目标页面:
https://spiderdemo.cn/authentication/protobuf_challenge/?challenge_type=protobuf_challenge
要求是脱离浏览器,在纯 node.js 中模拟页面里的 payload 参数,请求第一页并拿到第一页数字。
最终实现文件在: protobuf_challenge_node.js
———
1. 先确定 payload 是在哪里生成的
通过浏览器运行态分析可以确认,分页请求不是普通 JSON,而是 protobuf 二进制。
前端核心流程可以概括成:
const ChallengeRequest = root.lookupType("authentication.ChallengeRequest");
const requestData = { page: page, challengetype: encryptType(type), timestamp: timestamp, signature: signature };
const message = ChallengeRequest.create(requestData); const finalBuffer = ChallengeRequest.encode(message).finish();
xhr.open("POST", "/authentication/api/protobuf_challenge/page/1/", true); xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf"); xhr.send(finalBuffer);
也就是说,题目里的 payload 本质上就是:
- ChallengeRequest - protobuf 编码后的二进制数据
———
2. 读取 proto 协议,确认请求结构
页面会加载:
/static/protos/challenge.proto
协议内容里,关键请求结构是:
message ChallengeRequest { int32 page = 1; string challengetype = 2; int64 timestamp = 3; string signature = 4; }
响应结构是:
message ChallengeResponse { repeated NumberData numbers = 1; int32 total_pages = 2; int32 current_page = 3; int64 timestamp = 4; string signature = 5; }
message NumberData { int32 id = 1; int32 value = 2; }
因此我们在 Node 里只要能手写 protobuf 编码/解码,就不需要额外依赖 protobufjs。
———
3. 还原 challengetype 的处理逻辑
前端不会直接把 protobuf_challenge 放进请求,而是先做变换。
运行态验证后,逻辑是每个字符 charCode + 3:
function encryptChallengeType(input) { return Array.from(String(input), (char) => String.fromCharCode(char.charCodeAt(0) + 3) ).join(""); }
例如:
encryptChallengeType("protobuf_challenge") // "surwrexibfkdoohqjh"
所以 protobuf 请求里的 challengetype 必须填这个值。
———
4. 先解决登录态
不登录直接请求分页接口,服务端会返回 401。
登录页在:
https://spiderdemo.cn/admin_I/
分析后发现,后端注册接口可直接调用:
POST /admin_I/api/auth/register
请求体就是普通 JSON:
{ username, email, password, confirmPassword }
Node 端注册逻辑:
async function registerAccount() { const seed = Date.now(); const username = `codex_${seed}`; const password = "codex123"; const email = `${username}@example.com`;
const response = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}/admin_I/api/auth/register`, { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ username, email, password, confirmPassword: password, }), });
const body = await response.json(); const cookie = extractCookies(response); return { username, password, email, cookie, body }; }
从响应头提取 sessionid:
function extractCookies(response) { const setCookies = typeof response.headers.getSetCookie === "function" ? response.headers.getSetCookie() : [];
return setCookies .map((cookie) => cookie.split(";", 1)[0]) .filter(Boolean) .join("; "); }
这样就拿到了后续请求必须携带的:
sessionid=...
———
5. 发现必须先调用初始化接口
即使已经登录,直接打分页接口仍然会失败。
继续分析页面逻辑后确认,请求顺序必须是:
1. 先调初始化接口 2. 再调分页接口
初始化接口是:
GET /authentication/api/protobuf_challenge/init/?challenge_type=protobuf_challenge
Node 里对应实现:
async function initChallenge(cookie) { const response = await fetch( `${BASE_URL}/authentication/api/protobuf_challenge/init/?challenge_type=${encodeURIComponent( CHALLENGE_TYPE )}`, { headers: { Cookie: cookie, }, } );
const body = await response.json(); return body; }
这一步跑完,服务端才会建立当前挑战会话。
———
6. 还原 signature 算法
这一步最关键。
一开始如果误以为签名是普通 MD5:
const signature = md5(timestamp.toString());
服务端会返回:
403 Signature validation failed
继续分析 md_sign 后发现:
- 它不是普通 MD5 - 它的轮函数结构是 MD4 - 但它又不是标准 MD4 - 它有前端实现缺陷,必须按缺陷复现
最终确认它的行为是:
- 输入 "177727..." 时,不按 UTF-8 字节算 - 而是按数字数组 [1,7,7,7,...] 算 - 补位长度也沿用了前端那个有 bug 的写法
Node 里复现后的核心代码:
function leftRotate(value, shift) { return (value << shift) | (value >>> (32 - shift)); }
function md4(input) { const source = Array.from(String(input), (char) => { const numeric = Number(char); return Number.isFinite(numeric) ? numeric & 0xff : 0; }); const bitLength = source.length * 8;
const withPadding = []; for (const byte of source) { withPadding.push(byte); } withPadding.push(0x80);
while ((withPadding.length % 64) !== 56) { withPadding.push(0); }
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i += 1) { withPadding.push((bitLength >>> (i * 8)) & 0xff); }
let A = 0x67452301; let B = 0xefcdab89; let C = 0x98badcfe; let D = 0x10325476;
const F = (x, y, z) => (~x & z) | (y & x); const G = (x, y, z) => (x & y) | (x & z) | (y & z); const H = (x, y, z) => x ^ y ^ z;
const round1 = (a, b, c, d, k, s) => leftRotate(a + F(b, c, d) + k, s); const round2 = (a, b, c, d, k, s) => leftRotate(a + G(b, c, d) + k + 0x5a827999, s); const round3 = (a, b, c, d, k, s) => leftRotate(a + H(b, c, d) + k + 0x6ed9eba1, s);
// 中间 3 轮计算省略,脚本里是完整版本
const output = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16); output.writeUInt32LE(A, 0); output.writeUInt32LE(B, 4); output.writeUInt32LE(C, 8); output.writeUInt32LE(D, 12); return output.toString("hex"); }
最终 signature 的生成:
const signature = md4(String(timestamp));
———
7. 手写 protobuf 编码,生成真正的 payload
因为请求体很简单,所以直接手写 protobuf 足够了。
先实现 varint:
function encodeVarint(value) { let current = BigInt(value); const bytes = [];
while (current >= 0x80n) { bytes.push(Number((current & 0x7fn) | 0x80n)); current >>= 7n; } bytes.push(Number(current)); return Buffer.from(bytes); }
编码字符串字段:
function encodeStringField(fieldNumber, value) { const body = Buffer.from(String(value), "utf8"); return Buffer.concat([ encodeVarint((fieldNumber << 3) | 2), encodeVarint(body.length), body, ]); }
编码整数:
function encodeIntField(fieldNumber, value) { return Buffer.concat([ encodeVarint((fieldNumber << 3) | 0), encodeVarint(value), ]); }
拼出 ChallengeRequest:
function buildChallengeRequest(page, challengeType, timestamp) { const encryptedType = encryptChallengeType(challengeType); const signature = md4(String(timestamp));
return Buffer.concat([ encodeIntField(1, page), encodeStringField(2, encryptedType), encodeIntField(3, timestamp), encodeStringField(4, signature), ]); }
这一步输出的二进制 buffer,就是最终要发给接口的 payload。
———
8. 发送分页请求
分页请求实现如下:
async function fetchPage(cookie, page) { const timestamp = Date.now(); const payload = buildChallengeRequest(page, CHALLENGE_TYPE, timestamp);
const response = await fetch( `${BASE_URL}/authentication/api/protobuf_challenge/page/${page}/`, { method: "POST", headers: { Cookie: cookie, "Content-Type": "application/x-protobuf", }, body: payload, } );
const bodyBuffer = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
return { timestamp, payloadHex: payload.toString("hex"), responseHex: bodyBuffer.toString("hex"), decoded: decodeChallengeResponse(bodyBuffer), }; }
实际跑通后抓到的 payload_hex 类似这样:
08011212737572777265786962666b646f6f68716a6818d8a8e5eedc33222065653735333530336335383233633265633432363162303831323965 66633236
———
9. 手写 protobuf 解码响应
先解 varint:
function decodeVarint(buffer, offset) { let result = 0n; let shift = 0n; let cursor = offset;
while (cursor < buffer.length) { const byte = BigInt(buffer[cursor]); result |= (byte & 0x7fn) << shift; cursor += 1; if ((byte & 0x80n) === 0n) { return { value: result, offset: cursor }; } shift += 7n; }
throw new Error("unexpected end of buffer"); }
解 NumberData:
function decodeNumberData(buffer) { const item = { id: 0, value: 0 }; let offset = 0;
while (offset < buffer.length) { const tag = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = tag.offset; const fieldNumber = Number(tag.value >> 3n);
const data = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = data.offset;
if (fieldNumber === 1) item.id = Number(data.value); if (fieldNumber === 2) item.value = Number(data.value); }
return item; }
解整个 ChallengeResponse:
function decodeChallengeResponse(buffer) { const response = { numbers: [], total_pages: 0, current_page: 0, timestamp: "0", signature: "", };
let offset = 0; while (offset < buffer.length) { const tag = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = tag.offset; const fieldNumber = Number(tag.value >> 3n); const wireType = Number(tag.value & 0x7n);
if (fieldNumber === 1 && wireType === 2) { const length = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = length.offset; const end = offset + Number(length.value); response.numbers.push(decodeNumberData(buffer.subarray(offset, end))); offset = end; continue; }
if (wireType === 0) { const data = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = data.offset;
if (fieldNumber === 2) response.total_pages = Number(data.value); if (fieldNumber === 3) response.current_page = Number(data.value); if (fieldNumber === 4) response.timestamp = data.value.toString(); continue; }
if (fieldNumber === 5 && wireType === 2) { const length = decodeVarint(buffer, offset); offset = length.offset; const end = offset + Number(length.value); response.signature = buffer.subarray(offset, end).toString("utf8"); offset = end; continue; } }
return response; }
———
10. 最终主流程
完整主流程就是:
async function main() { const account = await registerAccount(); const init = await initChallenge(account.cookie); const page1 = await fetchPage(account.cookie, 1);
console.log( JSON.stringify( { account: { username: account.username, email: account.email, cookie: account.cookie, }, init_page_1_numbers: init.page_data, payload_hex: page1.payloadHex, page_response: page1.decoded, page_1_values: page1.decoded.numbers.map((item) => item.value), }, null, 2 ) ); }
———
11. 实际结果
脚本已经纯 Node 跑通。第 1 页数字是:
6485, 2863, 7292, 4190, 5768, 8403, 7125, 2747, 7212, 7790
对应输出里的数组是:
[ 6485, 2863, 7292, 4190, 5768, 8403, 7125, 2747, 7212, 7790 ]
———
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